Continuous improvement implementation models: a reconciliation and holistic metamodel

The purpose of this paper is to review and aggregate the guidance for continuous improvement (CI) implementation from existing models. A sample ultimately 27 models collected practitioner academic literature. are assessed on quality completeness using a research framework comprising organizational dimensions, phases in time, readiness factors, activities, sustainability leading 415 coded observations. Subsequently, these integrated with one holistic metamodel, providing detailed account CI deployment date. Based knowledge gaps about processes identified needs future presented. Thereby, repeated scholarly calls better more scientifically proven addressed.